Organic, hybrid, and 2D materials have attracted interest for electronic applications due to their potential for use in low-cost, large-area, flexible electronic devices. Here we will report on recent developments pertaining to surface modifiers and dopants that could impact the charge injection/collection/transport processes in organic light emitting diodes, organic field effect transistors, and photovoltaic devices.  In particular, we will examine how N-heterocylic carbenes assemble on gold substrates, the impact of the surface dipole on the work function of the gold.  We will also discuss the development of metallocenes-based dimers as n-dopants and very briefly describe metal dithiolene complexes as p-dopants for organic semiconductors and their impact of device performance.