Recent events affecting power grids (such as
the Ukrainian blackout in 2015) have highlighted
the vulnerabilities in modern power systems,
especially power substations which form the
backbone of electricity networks. There have
been significant efforts among researchers to
develop effective intrusion detection systems
(IDS) in order to prevent such attacks or reduce
their damaging consequences. However, all of
the existing techniques require some level of
trust from components on the SCADA network;
hence, they are still vulnerable to sophisticated
attacks that would compromise the SCADA
system completely. This research presents a
radio frequency-based distributed IDS which
remains reliable even when the entire SCADA
system is considered untrusted. The developed
air-gapped sensor is also robust against replay/
spoofing attacks, meaning that the attacker is
not able to feed it fake data.